What is the purpose of neuromodulation in the context of brain treatment?

The purpose of neuromodulation in the context of brain treatment is to alter the activity of specific neural systems. This technique works at the level of neurotransmitter systems to modulate and influence neuronal activity rather than simply inducing a direct activation or inhibition of neurons. Neuromodulation enables targeted interventions to correct dysfunctional neural circuits, which can be particularly valuable for treating various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Through methods such as deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or pharmacological interventions, neuromodulation aims to adjust the signaling pathways among neurons, thereby improving symptoms associated with a range of conditions like depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and chronic pain. By focusing on specific neural systems rather than the entire brain or superficial functions, neuromodulation allows for a nuanced approach to treatment that can lead to more personalized and effective therapeutic outcomes.