What term is used for the scientific consensus that requires minimal assumptions for its explanation?

The term that is used for the scientific consensus which emphasizes simplicity and requires minimal assumptions for its explanation is Occam's razor. This philosophical principle suggests that when presented with competing hypotheses or explanations for the same phenomenon, the one that makes the fewest assumptions should be selected. Essentially, it advocates for simplicity in scientific reasoning, promoting the idea that the simplest explanation is often the most likely to be correct.

This principle is especially significant in research and scientific method, as it encourages scientists to develop models and theories that avoid unnecessary complexity, thus enhancing clarity and understanding. In many cases, relying on simpler models can lead to more effective predictions and insights into the underlying mechanisms of observed phenomena.

The other terms listed address different concepts. For instance, complexity theory deals with systems that have many interconnected parts, while reductionism refers to understanding complex systems by breaking them down into their simpler components. Empirical evidence is critical in scientific inquiry but does not directly relate to the principle of choosing simpler explanations.