Which type of electrodes do Micro-electrode arrays (uEA) use?

Micro-electrode arrays (μEAs) utilize small electrodes that are capable of interfacing with biological tissues or cells. These small, surface electrodes are arranged in arrays to record and stimulate electrical signals from neurons or other excitable tissues. The primary design of these electrodes is focused on creating a minimal invasive interaction with the sample, allowing for high-resolution data collection while minimizing tissue damage.

The correct answer highlights the use of depth electrodes among the options provided. However, it's crucial to note that while depth electrodes are used for specific applications like deep brain stimulation, they are not characteristic of the typical micro-electrode arrays, which generally consist solely of small, surface electrodes designed for micro-scale measurements.

The other choices do not accurately describe the components of micro-electrode arrays. Large, surface electrodes would not provide the spatial resolution needed for detailed cellular interactions. In contrast, depth electrodes, while effective in some applications, are not the primary structure used in μEAs, which focus on surface interactions with cells or tissues.

Micro-electrode arrays are essential tools in the field of biomedical engineering, offering insights into cellular behavior and facilitating advanced research in neuroscience, cardiology, and tissue engineering.